Clinicians should exercise caution when using an assessment in communities and cultures outside the ones on which it was standardized.īeery assessment children socio-cultural visual-motor integration.ATP: Developmental Test of Visual-Motor Integration - 6 (VMI-6) (Beery VMI)īest selling, research-based resources for effective reading instruction and assessment.

Certain cultural beliefs and practices may affect VMI performance.

Preschoolers from different cultural and ethnic groups had different VMI performance. Among the Singapore population, the scores were also significantly different (P < 0.05) between the (i) Chinese and Malay and (ii) Chinese and Indians ethnic groups. Singaporean preschoolers and the standardization sample of American children performed significantly differently in all age groups (P < 0.05). Scores of different ethnic groups among the Singapore population were also compared using a one-way anova, followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test. We compared the scores of Singaporean preschoolers with those of the American standardization norms using the one-sample t-test. We administered the Beery-VMI (fifth edition) full form test (excluding the supplemental tests) to 385 preschoolers (mean age = 63.3 months) from randomly selected schools in Singapore. The Beery-VMI, which was standardized in America, is commonly used by occupational therapists in Singapore to assess the VMI ability of children. The purpose of this study was to (1) explore if there was a difference between the VMI performance of Singaporean and American preschoolers, and (2) determine if there were ethnic differences in the VMI performance of Singaporean preschoolers. Cross-cultural studies also implied that culture has an influence on a child's VMI performance, as it shapes the activities that a child participates in. Clinical assessment experience of occupational therapists in Singapore suggested that there is a potential difference between the VMI performance of Singaporean and American children. Deficits in VMI have been linked to difficulties in academic performance and functional tasks.

Visual-motor integration (VMI) is important in children's development because it is associated with the performance of many functional skills.

Beery vmi reliability and validity